I think there are 2 common tupes of water injection.
For combustion and intercooling.
Water injection into the combustion helps to cool down intake temp and increase power (H20 increases compression therefore precice regulation of the quantity of H20 is vital to prevent blown motors)
The use of Water injection into combustion was revolutionized by the German Luffwaffe during WW2 when German Engineers used water injection on ME-109 fighter planes.
Water injection onto the intercooler (which currently is a standard feature on EVOs and Scoobies) increases the intercooling efficiency by radiating the heat off the fins via water evaporation.