DIY high octane fuel

[bobo]

any chemical student or ppl in chemical industry?? i got this mad idea which i want 2 DIY a higher octane fuel?? any chemical student or ppl in chemical industry knows the calculation for this mixture?? maybe we can DIY it n test it.. hehehe..

 

[n305er]

erm... are you running on super highly boosted engine or something which needs higher then RON97 octane?

 

[howiechoo]

be careful....later u b urn ur house...

 

[bobo]

n3o5er: i'm not running on highly boosted engine.. the reason i wanted 2 do this is just to try it out cause my fren last time try b4.. it works but i lost contact with him so can't ask himw ats the formula n the calculation.. i tot maybe some of the sifu here might help..

howiechoo: i doubt anything will happen if i get the correct person to give the formula n calculation.. hehehe..

 

[n305er]

Well, it's hard to even test out if your fuel did increase or decrease in octane level after you done your experiment. How do you test it?

Anyway, there are many Octane boosters in the market which you can buy nowadays.

 

[bobo]

those type of octane booster will actually work.. when we tested it was using my frens car ler.. lucky din kaboom or anything ler.. but that time the consumtion was very high.. tested on a satria 4g91.. 1 full tank onli last us 400m.. but the responce was good n more power..

 

[Cannonfodder]

Industrial grade toluene (100% proof) will improve octane ratings by about 5-8 points if used up to 30% of volume. Premix toluene with petrol instead of just pouring it into the tank.

Proven octane increase with no adverse effects if you don't exceed 30%. After that, it becomes difficult for the mixture to burn properly.

Methanol will also increase both octane and energy value, but can be dangerous as excessive volume will pop your engine. That, and it also corrodes your fuel lines.

 

[bobo]

wow.. cannonfodder.. u know wats the ratio to add in??

 

[am_izham]

Fuel Formulas

Please note that I would NOT suggest that a person use the following fuel mixtures without considering the detrimental effects on their engine, vital engine components (O2 sensor, etc), and other potential damage. That said, the information is interesting.

Fuel Formulas
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-
Original publication is:
GS-Xtra
1213 Gornto Road
Valdosta, GA 31602
(912) 244-0577

Editor: Richard Lasetter, president Gran Sport Club of America (GSCA)
The title of the original was something like "Homebrew Octane Boosters"... I
took a little license in adding some things to the article from my experiences
when I typed it in, so it isn't verbatum, but most of the info came from Rich.

Formula #1 - Toulene
=============================

R+M/2.........114
Cost...........$2.50/gal

Mixtures with 92 Octane Premiums
--------------------------------
10%...........94.2 Octanes
20%...........96.4 Octanes
30%...........98.6 Octanes

Notes: Common ingredient in Octane Boosters in a can. 12-16 ounces will only
raise octane 2-3 *points*, i.e. from 92 to 92.3. Often costs $3-5 for 12-16
ounces, when it can be purchased for less than $3/gal at chemical supply houses
or paint stores.

Formula #2 - Xylene
=============================
R+M/2.........117
Cost...........$2.75/gal

Mixtures with 92 Octane Premiums
--------------------------------
10%...........94.5 Octanes
20%...........97.0 Octanes
30%...........99.5 Octanes

Notes: Similar to Toulene. 12-16 ounces will only raise octane 2-3 *points*,
I.e. from 92 to 92.3. Usually mixed with Toulene and advertised as *race
formula*.

Formula #3 - Methyl-tertiary-butyl-ether (MTBE)
=============================
R+M/2.........118
Cost...........$3.50/gal

Mixtures with 92 Octane Premiums

--------------------------------
10%...........94.6 Octanes
20%...........97.2 Octanes
30%...........99.8 Octanes

Notes: Oxygenate. Very common in octane booster products. Has lower BTU
content than toulene or xylene, but oxygenate effect makes the gasoline burn
better and produce more energy.

Formula #4 - Methanol or Ethanol
=============================
R+M/2.........101
Cost...........$0.60 - $1.75/gal

Mixtures with 92 Octane Premiums
--------------------------------
10%...........94.3 Octanes (Methanol)
10%...........94.7 Octanes (Ethanol)
20%...........Not Recommended

Notes: Methanol is wood alcohol. Ethanol is grain alcohol and found in Gasohol
in 10% ratios. Both alcohols are mildly corrosive and will eat gas tank
linings, rubber and aluminum if used in excessive ratios. Main ingredient in
"Gas Dryers", combine with water.

Formula #5 - Isopropyl Alcohol and Tertiary Butyl Alcohol
=============================
R+M/2.........101
Cost...........$0.60-$1.50/gal

Mixtures with 92 Octane Premiums
--------------------------------
10%...........94.5 Octanes
20%...........Not Recommended
30%...........Not Recommended

Notes: Similar to Methanol/Ethanol. Isopropyl Alcohol is simply rubbing
alcohol.

How to make your own octane booster (this is the basic formula of one of the
popular octane booster products). To make eight 16 ounce bottles (128 oz = 1
gal):

100 oz of toulene for octane boost
25 oz of mineral spirits (cleaning agent)
3 oz of transmission fluid (lubricating agent)

This product is advertised as "octane booster with cleaning agent *and*
lubricating agent!". Diesel fuel or kerosene can be substituted for mineral
spirits and light turbine oil can be substituted for transmission fluid. Color
can be added with petroleum dyes.

there you go. found this at a dodge charger forum site many2 years ago. dont ask me where to get these chemicals, i dont know shit about it.

 

[bobo]

wow... good info.. anyone here knows where 2 get the chemical??? hehehe.. this experiment i'm gonna do it once onli.. cause dowan 2 risk my car.. hehehe..

 

[1298]

Sounds good...but if those local monster cars can tuned up to few hundred horses and they are only running with local pump fuel, I see no reason to risk our engine by mixing our own fuel...

Just my opinion. Cheers.

 

[bobo]

hehehe... this is just for experimental.. i wont do it now... when i going 2 convert my engine then onli i try...

 

[jswong]

You can get toluene from good old Ace Hardware, at the same section as methylated spirit (methanol) and other solvents. They sell toluene in a big flask.

Too bad they don't have nitric acid to go along with the toluene.

 

[bobo]

thanks jason... anyone knows the ratio of toluene n per liter of petrol to add?? dont want to get anything wrong n kaboom...

 

[JINEIL2EN]

if u wan more easier RON 100 fuel, just buy 104 degrees Octane booster & mixed w/ any Ron 97 fuel.....maths is very important...:_:
we doing this is bcoz of some Jap tuned ecu is tuned for Ron 100 fuel only, if using 97, engine will knocking....

 

[limfk7]

definition of toluene, you get it from paint shop

toluene
Other names methylbenzene
phenylmethane

Molecular formula C7H8
SMILES Cc1ccccc1
Molar mass 92.14 g/mol
Appearance Clear, colourless liquid
CAS number [108-88-3]
Properties
Density and phase 0.8669 g/cm3, liquid
Solubility in water 0.053 g/100 mL (20-25°C)
In ethanol,
acetone, hexane,
dichloromethane Fully miscible
Melting point -93 °C (180 K)/(-135.4°F)
Boiling point 110.6 °C (383.8 K)/ 231.08°F
Critical Temperature 320 °C (593 K)/ 608°F
Viscosity 0.590 cP at 20°C/ 68°F
Dipole moment 0.36 D
Hazards
MSDS External MSDS
Main hazards highly flammable
NFPA 704 Image:nfpa_h2.pngImage:nfpa_f4.pngImage:nfpa_r0.png
Flash point 4 °C/ 39.2 °F
R-phrases R11, R20
S-phrases S16, S25, S29, S33
RTECS number XS5250000
Supplementary data page
Structure & properties n, εr, etc.
Thermodynamic data Phase behaviour
Solid, liquid, gas
Spectral data UV, IR, NMR, MS
Related compounds
Related aromatic
hydrocarbons benzene
xylene
naphthalene
Related compounds methylcyclohexane
Except where noted otherwise, data are given for
materials in their standard state (at 25°C, 100 kPa)
Infobox disclaimer and references

Toluene, also known as methylbenzene or phenylmethane is a clear, water-insoluble liquid with the typical smell of paint thinners, reminiscent of the sweet smell of the related compound benzene. It is an aromatic hydrocarbon that is widely used as an industrial feedstock and as a solvent.
Contents
[hide]

* 1 History
* 2 Chemical properties
* 3 Preparation
* 4 Uses
* 5 Toxicology and metabolism
* 6 Behavioural Effects of Long Term Exposure
* 7 See also
* 8 External links
* 9 References

[edit]

History

The name toluene was derived from the older name toluol that refers to tolu balsam, an aromatic extract from the tropical American tree Myroxylon balsamum, from which it was first isolated. It was originally named by Jöns Jakob Berzelius.
[edit]

Chemical properties

Toluene reacts as a normal aromatic hydrocarbon towards electrophilic aromatic substitution. The methyl group makes it around 25 times more reactive than benzene in such reactions. It undergoes smooth sulfonation to give p-toluenesulfonic acid, and chlorination by Cl2 in the presence of FeCl3 to give ortho and para isomers of chlorotoluene. It undergoes nitration to give ortho and para nitrotoluene isomers, but if heated it can give dinitrotoluene and ultimately the explosive trinitrotoluene (TNT).

With other reagents the methyl side chain in toluene may react, undergoing oxidation. Reaction with Potassium permanganate leads to benzoic acid, whereas chromyl chloride leads to benzaldehyde. Halogenation can be performed under free radical conditions. For example, NBS heated with toluene in the presence of AIBN leads to benzyl bromide.

Catalytic hydrogenation of toluene to methylcyclohexane requires a high pressure of hydrogen to go to completion, because of the stability of the aromatic system.
[edit]

Preparation

Toluene occurs naturally at low levels in crude oil and is usually produced in the processes of making gasoline via a catalytic reformer, in an ethylene cracker or making coke from coal. Final separation (either via distillation or solvent extraction) takes place in a BTX plant.
[edit]

Uses

Toluene is a common solvent, able to dissolve: paints, paint thinners, many chemical reactants, rubber, printing ink, adhesives (glues), lacquers, leather tanners, and disinfectants. It can also be used as a fullerene indicator, and is a raw material for toluene diisocyanate (used in the manufacture of polyurethane foam), phenol and TNT. Toluene can be used as an octane booster in gasoline fuels used in internal combustion engines. Industrial uses of toluene include dealkylation to benzene and disproportionation to a mixture of benzene and xylene.
[edit]

Toxicology and metabolism

Main article: Toluene (toxicology)

Inhalation of toluene fumes can be intoxicating, but in larger doses nausea-inducing. Chronic or frequent inhalation of toluene over long time periods leads to irreversible brain damage. Toluene may enter the human system not only through vapour inhalation from the liquid evaporation, but also following soil contamination events, where human contact with soil, ingestion of contaminated groundwater or soil vapour off-gassing can occur.

The toxicity of toluene can be explained mostly by its metabolism. As toluene has very low water solubility, it cannot exit the body via the normal routes (urine, feces, or sweat). It must be metabolized in order to be excreted. The methyl group of toluene is more easily oxidized by cytochrome P450 than the benzene ring. Therefore, in the metabolism of toluene, 95% is oxidized to become benzyl alcohol. The toxic metabolites are created by the remaining 5% that are ring oxidized to epoxides. Most of the epoxides become glutathione conjugated. However, the remainder will severely damage cells.
The metabolism of toluene

Toluene is mainly excreted as benzoic acid and hippuric acid, both formed by further metabolic oxidation of benzyl alcohol.
The metabolism of benzyl alcohol
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Behavioural Effects of Long Term Exposure

Serious adverse behavioural effects are often associated with toluene abuse related to the deliberate inhalation of solvents.4 Long term toluene exposure is often associated with effects such as: psychoorganic syndrome;5 visual evoked potential (VEP) abnormality;5 toxic polyneuropathy, cerebellar, cognitive, and pyramidal dysfunctions;5 optic atrophy; and brain lesions.4

Toluene causes postural tremors by increasing extracellular concentrations of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) within the cerebellar cortex.4 Treatment with GABA agonists such as, benzodiazepines provide some relief from toluene induced tremor and ataxia.4 An alternative to drug treatment is vim thalamotomy.4 The tremors associated with toluene misuse do not seem to be a transient symptom, but an irreversible and progressive symptom which continues after solvent abuse has been discontinued.4

There is some evidence that low level toluene exposure may cause disruption in the differentiation of astrocyte precursor cells.6 This does not appear to be a major hazard to adults; however, exposure of pregnant women to toluene during critical stages of fetal development could cause serious disruption to neuronal development.6

 

[rollakid]

rm50 of petrol + 1 gallon of toluene should give ron100 fuel.. theoretically...

wanna try also liau..

 

[bobo]

wah.. rollakid... u comfirm thats the ratio?? dowan later kaboom... hehehe..

 

[rollakid]

wah.. rollakid... u comfirm thats the ratio?? dowan later kaboom... hehehe..

that's on theory, counted already, if they do mix properly 87.5% ron97 petrol + 12.5% pure toluene should give chun chun 100 octane, or you can say maximum 100 octane, could be lower due to many reasons (me not chemist, i just read test results and theories on how to calculate them.)

i've seen test results that shows 12.5% would roughly raise the octane by 1-1.5 only... but dunno whether it is true or not lar.

adding toluene should be fine, as it is not addictive, its part of our every day petrol too, you just increase the ammount.


i'm just wondering where can i find pure toluene, you know lar, not everyone sell pure stuff nowadays. unless buy from shell, but they don't sell you a few gallon, they sell you by trucks.

 

[bobo]

okok... maybe we got some chemist fren that got some lubang leh... unless all share share buy 1 truck la.. lol..